Physiatry



What Is Physiatry?

It is a medical specialty dedicated to evaluating, diagnosing, and treating disabling conditions of the muscular, skeletal, and neurological systems, as well as managing pain and promoting patients’ functional rehabilitation.

Physiatric Procedures

Each psychotherapy process is tailored to the patient and their personal history. Treatment includes an initial evaluation phase to identify the underlying concerns, followed by an intervention phase designed to support academic learning in children and adolescents. The duration typically ranges from two to six months, with weekly one-hour sessions.

Nerve Conduction Studies

It is a diagnostic study that evaluates the integrity of peripheral nerves, detecting conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, radiculopathies, and polyneuropathies. These tests are performed by certified specialists.

Evoked

Potentials

AUDITORY

These tests allow for the evaluation of hearing in children and help localize lesions, making them essential for the early detection of hearing loss.

Evoked

Potentials

Visual

They are changes in brain activity produced by light stimulation, obtained through pattern-reversal and flash stimuli, and require patient cooperation during the test.

Evoked

Potentials

Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

They are evoked potentials of muscle activity recorded while simultaneously stimulating the auditory pathway to evaluate the vestibulocervical pathway.

Evoked

Potentials

Somatosensory Evoked Potentials

They are a non-invasive test that evaluates the response of the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system, analyzing spinal cord function and subcortical recordings.

Facial Electromyography

This test evaluates the peripheral nervous system and muscles, helping diagnose neuromuscular disorders and classify them according to their severity and origin. It uses electrodes to record electrical activity during muscle contractions and is particularly indicated in cases of facial paralysis, including Bell’s palsy.

Electromyography

It is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the peripheral nervous system in various conditions by recording muscle responses through electrodes. Depending on the underlying pathology, sphincter function may also be assessed.

PHYSIATRIC PROCEDURES

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TEST LAMBERT

A specialized test used to diagnose disorders of the neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis, botulism, and Lambert-Eaton syndrome.

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REPETITIVE NERVE STIMULATION TEST

The repetitive nerve stimulation test applies electrical stimuli to a motor nerve in order to record the response of the innervated muscle, evaluating specific muscle groups based on the patient’s symptoms.

Single-Fiber Electromyography

A diagnostic study used to identify disorders of the neuromuscular junction, such as myopathies, muscular dystrophies, neuropathies, and myasthenia gravis.

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H-Reflex, Blink Reflex, and F-Wave Studies

These are late responses: the H-reflex evaluates the S1 myotomal reflex arc to help diagnose sacral radiculopathy, while the F-wave, obtained through repetitive stimulation, is useful in the diagnosis of polyneuropathies (PNP).

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Gross Motor Skills

The GMFM-66 identifies specific motor impairments, evaluates progress and response to the implemented treatment plan, provides guidelines for targeted interventions, and helps predict key motor abilities such as walking.

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6-Minute Walk Test

The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) provides a comprehensive evaluation of the respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and neurosensory systems’ response to the stress imposed by exercise.

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Nerve Blocks and Injections

They are therapeutic wet-needling techniques used for the management of osteomuscular or mixed pain (somatic–neuropathic).

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Botulinum Toxin Injection

Administration of muscle relaxants for the localized management of spasticity, in which the specialist selects the muscles to be treated according to the functional goals agreed upon with the family.

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Trigeminal-Facial Reflex Study

This study evaluates the integrity and response of the trigeminal-facial neurological pathway (cranial nerves V and VII) and its integration within the brainstem, allowing the detection and diagnosis of disorders affecting these nerves and the brainstem.

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PEABODY - 1H  

Use of a specific motor assessment scale to enable early detection of gross and fine motor difficulties in preterm patients, followed by the implementation of a therapeutic plan based on the identified impairments.

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